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| A common
question that arises when people are considering organ and tissue
donation is, "Does my religion approve of organ donation
and transplantation?" Surveys find that few individuals
are aware of their own religion's doctrines regarding organ
and tissue donation. In fact, most major religions encourage
organ and tissue donation, and many of them at the very least
allow their followers to make a personal decision in this regard. |
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We hope that this list will shed some
light on organ and tissue donation issues as it relates to
your own religion. In addition, you may wish to contact your
clergyperson for more information.
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Mennonite
Mennonites have no formal position
on donation, but are not opposed to it. They believe the
decision to donate is up to the individual and/or their
family. |
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Mormon
See Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter Day Saints |
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Moravian
The Moravian Church does not have an
official policy addressing organ/tissue donation or transplantation.
Robert E. Sawyer, President, Provincial Elders Conference,
Moravian Church of America, Southern Province states,
"There is nothing in our doctrine or policy that
would prevent a Moravian pastor from assisting a family
in making a decision to donate an organ." It is,
therefore, a matter of individual choice. |
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Orthodox Christian Church
Nothing in the Orthodox Church tradition requires the faithful
to donate their organs to others; nevertheless, this practice may be considered
an act of love, and as such is encouraged. The decision to donate a duplicate
organ, such as a kidney, while the donor is living, should be made in consultation
with medical professionals and one's spiritual father. The donation of an organ
from a deceased person is also an act of love that helps to make possible for
the recipient to live a longer, fuller life. Such donations are acceptable if
the deceased donor had willed such action, or if surviving relatives permit. In
all cases, respect for the body of the donor should be maintained. Organ
transplants should never be commercialized nor coerced nor take placed without
proper consent, nor place in jeopardy the identity of the donor or recipient.
Nor should the death of the donor be hastened in order to recover organs
for transplantation to another person. |
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Pentecostal
Pentecostals believe that the decision
to donate should be left up to the individual. |
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Presbyterian
Presbyterians encourage and support
donation. They respect a person's right to make decisions
regarding their own body. During their General Assembly
in 1995, they wrote a strong support of donation and commented
that they "encourage its members and friends to sign
and carry Universal Donor Cards
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Protestantism
Because of the many different Protestant
denominations, a generalized statement on their attitudes
toward organ/tissue donation cannot be made. However,
the denominations share a common belief in the New Testament.
(Luke 6:38 Give to others
and God will give to you.) The
Protestant faith respects individual conscience and a
person's right to make decisions regarding his or her
own body. In addition, it is generally not believed that
resurrection involves making the physical body whole again.
For more information and a free brochure that reflects donation
from an African-American perspective, click here.
In the Winter/Spring 2002 issue of On
the Beat, a publication of the New York Organ
Donor Network, the Reverend Dr. James
A. Forbes, Jr., Senior Minister, The Riverside
Church of New York City, wrote that "
becoming
a donor takes on sacramental meaning. Organ and tissue
donation is considered to be the ultimate humanitarian
act of benevolence." Click
here for full article.
Medical technology which has made organ
and tissue transplantation possible opens up new opportunities
for human beings to become partners with God in sustaining
and extending the precious gift of life. The fact that
we can donate an organ while we live without compromising
our health should lead us to exclaim: "I
praise you, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made."
(Psalm 139:14 NRSV) Even death cannot prevent us from
making a magnanimous offering of new hope for those
desperately clinging to life until an appropriate donor
has been identified.
Some of the most touching moments of human
compassion are associated with organ and tissue transplantation:
a mother to a child, a sister to a brother, a neighbor
to a neighbor, and stranger to a stranger. Dr. Wyatt
T. Walker, Pastor of the Canaan Baptist Church of New
York City and former Chief of Staff for Dr. Martin Luther
King, Jr., loves to preach about such an event, which
for him became a moment of revelation. He tells of an
interview he saw on national TV following a fatal mass
shooting at a school in Paducah, Kentucky. The reporter
asked the mother of one of the slain students what her
first thoughts were after being informed of the shootings.
The mother said she rushed to the hospital hoping that
her daughter had survived. "And after you were
told that she had passed, what was your next thought?"
The mother said, "I hoped that it would be possible
for someone to receive the gift of life from her through
an organ donation." The little girl was white.
Interestingly, the best friend of the little white girl
was a black girl. They called each other "my twin
sister." It turns out that the little girl's heart
was donated to a black man. When the mother was finally
able to visit the gentleman who had received her daughter's
heart, she had one request: "May I place my ear
on your chest so that I can hear the heart of my wonderful
daughter?" Perhaps heaven was also monitoring that
episode of sublime human love.
As wonderful as such moments are some
persons are still not sure if offering an organ is compatible
with the demands of their faith. Is it pleasing to God
to give part of oneself in this way? Shouldn't we strive
at any cost to keep intact all of the parts of the body
God gave us? Will we be less whole if a part of us is
missing in the "great getting up morning"?
Is it mutilation of the flesh to allow some one to take
one kidney when the Lord gave us two?
It may be surprising to some to learn
that with only a few exceptions all of the major religions
affirm and celebrate the godliness of organ and tissue
transplantation. Words like caring, sharing, compassion,
and sacrifice are at the heart of true religion. The
cross, a central Christian symbol, is about Jesus giving
himself for the salvation of the world. John 3:16 says,
"God so loved the world that
God gave his only son
" With this understanding,
becoming a donor takes on sacramental meaning. Organ
and tissue donation is considered to be the ultimate
humanitarian act of benevolence.
As a protestant minister I think
of the following perspectives as I respond to questions
regarding organ-tissue transplantation.
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Each person of faith
needs to order his or her behavior to confirm to
a spirit-guided and biblically-nurtured conscience.
"Whatsoever is not of
faith is sin." (Rom. 14:23) It is helpful
for members of our congregations to discuss the
issue with their leaders and to form a solid sense
of what is appropriate. Theological discussions
in our communities of faith tend to lead to a strong
encouragement of organ and tissue donation. |
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One should not expect
proof text from the Bible on this issue. Transplantation
was not even a possibility at the time the gospels
were being written. There were many things Jesus
did not address directly. It is the Holy Spirit
who leads us into the ways of enlightenment on matters,
which have surfaced in our time. The spirit of generosity
and sacrifice are encouraged in all seasons. Our
bodies are the temples of the Holy Spirit. Holy
deeds of generosity are to be commended. |
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The opportunity to donate organs and tissues
may be one of the most effective ways to counteract
the pervasive selfishness of these modern times.
The golden rule urges us to think and act from
the perspective of what we would desire of others
if we were similarly situated.
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Christian commitment
calls us to show respect for the sanctity of the
body. A loving sacrificial offering of the gift
of life is a holy honoring of our flesh and blood.
To be able to live as good stewards of our bodies,
then to extend the lives of others reveals something
of the nature of our heavenly parent and our lord,
Jesus Christ. |
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Romans 8:28 reminds us that in everything God
is at work to bring good out of whatever happens.
It is not appropriate to claim that God wills
all the tragic events, which result in the death
of any of us. Nevertheless, in such tragic circumstances,
there is the good of organ and tissue donation,
which upstages the evil, which has occurred.
Finally, so much of life is lived as if our own
individual well being is of ultimate significance.
Before God, each life is precious and deserving
of respect and care. But we are not only individuals
before God. We are a family bound by love and
mutual care. Organ and tissue donation gives dramatic
witness to our interconnectedness. The first citizens
of our nation, Native Americans, understood this.
Perhaps we will be willing to sign a donor card
or make as an organ tissue donation when we recover
the spirit of Chief Seattle who inspired Ted Perry
to write:
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This we know.
All things are connected
Like the blood
Which unites one family
Whatever befalls the earth,
Befalls the sons and daughters of the earth.
Man did not weave the web of life;
He is merely a strand in it.
Whatever he does to the web,
He does to himself.
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Quakers
(Religious Society of Friends)
The Quakers have no official position
on donation. They believe organ donation and transplantation
is a matter of individual decision. |
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Religious
Society of Friends
See Quakers (Religious Society
of Friends) |
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Roma
See Gypsies |
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Salvation
Army
The Salvation Army finds organ donation
and transplantation acceptable. |
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Seventh-Day Adventist
Donation and transplantation are strongly
encouraged by Seventh-Day Adventists. They have many transplant
hospitals, including Loma Linda in California. Loma Linda
specializes in Pediatric heart transplantation.
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Shinto
In Shinto, the dead body is considered
to be impure and dangerous, and thus quite powerful. "In
folk belief context, injuring a dead body is a serious
crime
" according to E. Namihira in his article,
"Shinto Concept Concerning the Dead Human Body."
"To this day it is difficult to obtain consent from
bereaved families for organ donation or dissection for
medical education or pathological anatomy
(T) he
Japanese regard them all in the sense of injuring a dead
body." Families are often concerned that they not
injure the itai - the relationship between the dead person
and the bereaved people. |
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Society of Friends
See Quakers |
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Unitarian
Universalist
Unitarian Universalists affirms
the inherent worth and dignity of every person and respect
the interdependent web of all existence. They affirm the
value of organ and tissue donation, but leave the decision
to each individual. |
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United Church of Christ
Reverend Jay Litner, Director, Washington
Office of the United Christ of Christ for Church and Society,
states that, "United Church of Christ people, churches
and agencies are extremely and overwhelmingly supportive
of organ sharing.
United Church of Christ people, churches and agencies
are extremely and overwhelmingly supportive of organ sharing.
The General Synod has never spoken to this issue because,
in general, the Synod speaks on more controversial issues,
and there is no controversy about organ sharing, just
as there is no controversy blood donation, blood donation
rooms have been set up at several General Synods. Similarly,
any organized effort to get the General Synod delegates
or individual churches to sign organ donation cards would
meet with generally positive responses." |
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United Methodist
Donation is to be encouraged, assuming
appropriate safeguards against hastening death and determination
of death by reliable criteria. The United Methodist Church
issued a policy statement in 1984 regarding organ and
tissue donation. In it, they stated: "The United
Method Church recognizes the life-giving benefits of organ
and tissue donors by signing and carrying cards or driver's
licenses, attesting to their commitment of such organs
upon their death, to those in need, as part of their ministry
to others in the name of Christ, who gave his life that
we might have life in its fullness." A 1992 resolution
states: "Donation is to be encouraged, assuming appropriate
safeguards against hastening death and determination of
death by reliable criteria." The resolution further
states that, "Pastoral -Care persons should be willing
to explore these options as a normal part of conversation
with patients and their families." |
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Wesleyan
Church
The Wesleyan Church supports
donation as a way of helping others. It believes that
God's "ability to resurrect us is not dependent on
whether or not all our parts were connected at death."
They also support research and, in 1989, noted in a task
force on public morals and social concerns, that "one
of the ways that a Christian can do good is to request
that their body be donated to a medical school for use
in teaching."
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